А не
| |
If $c$ is a complex number, it is customary to write ...
rather than ...
| Аазен
| | Aasen
| Аббе | | Abbe
| Абелева теорема | | Abelian theorem
| Абель | Abel
| Абрамовиц | | Abramowitz
| Абсолютная непрерывность мер | | Absolute continuity of measures
| Абсолютно непрерывное распределение | | Absolutely continuous distribution
| Абсолютно твердое тело | | Rigid body
| Абсолютно упругого удара закон |
| The law of perfectly elastic impact
| Абсолютное значение (модуль) | |
By $A$ we denote the maximum of the moduli (of the absolute values) of the eigenvalues of this matrix
| Абсолютное распределение цепи Маркова | | Absolute distribution of a Markov chain
| Абстрагироваться от | |
We show how the idea of number separated itself from the objects counted
| Авиагоризонт | |
Artificial horizon
|
Авиационная гравиметрия
|
| Airborne gravimetry
| Авогадро | | Avogadro
|
Автомодельное решение
|
| Self-similar solution
| Автомодельность | | Self-similarity
| Авторегрессионное интегрированное скользящее среднее
| |
Autoregressive integrated moving average
| Автотранспортный поток | | Traffic flow
| Агреатирование | | Aggregation
| Адаптивная оценка | | Adaptive estimate
| Адаптивная процедура | | Adaptive procedure
| Адаптивный алгоритм | | Adaptive algorithm
| Адаптированный случайный процесс | | Adapted random process
| Аддитивная единица | | Additative identity
| Аддитивная задача теории чисел | | Additive problem of the number theory
| Аддитивная функция множеств | | Additive set function
| Адмиттансный метод | | Admittance technique Admittance method
| Адамар | Hadamard
| Адамс | Adams
| Адъюнкт(а) определителя | Adjoint of a determinant
| Айвори | | Ivory
| Айвэни | | Iwany
| Айзекс | | Isaaks
| Айзенштат | | Eisenstat
| Айткен | | Aitken
| Акаике | | Akaike
| Аккерет | | Ackeret
| Аксиома отделимости | | Separation axiom Axiom of separation
| Аксиома расстояния | | Distance axiom
| Аксиома счетности
| | Axiom of denumerability
| Активная переменная | | Active variable
| Актомиозиновый мотор | | Actomyosin motor
| Актуальная конфигурация | | Actual configuration
| Акустический тензор | | Acoustic tensor
| Алгебра комплексных чисел | Algebra of complex numbers
| Алгебра цилиндрических множеств | | Algebra of cylinder sets Algebra of cylinders
| Алгебраическая степень точности квадратуры | | Polynomial degree of quadrature
| Алгебраический порядок точности квадратуры | | Polynomial order of quadrature
| Алгебраическое дополнение | | Cofactor
Algebraic cofactor
| Алгебраическое случайное уравнение | | Algebraic random equation
| Алгоритм адаптации | | Adaptation algorithm
| Алгоритм ``ближайшего соседа'' | | Nearest neighbor algorithm
| Алгоритм ветвей и границ | | Branch-and-bound algorithm
| Алгоритм вложенного разбиения (рассечения) |
| Nested dissection algorithm
| Алгоритм ``дальнего соседа'' | | Farthest neighbor algorithm
| Алгоритм Евклида | | Euclidean algorithm
| Алгоритм идентификации | | Identification algorithm
| Алгоритм маршрутизации | | Routing algorithm
| Алгоритм минимальной степени | | Minimum degree algorithm
| Алгоритм модификации | | Update algorithm Modification algorithm
| Алгоритм нечетких c-средних | | Fuzzy c-means algorithm
| Алгоритм поиска с возвратом | | Backtrack algorithm
| Алгоритм ``разделяй и властвуй'' | | Divide-and-conquer algorithm
| Алгоритм стабилизации | | Stabilization algorithm
| Алгоритм управления движением | | Motion control algorithm
| Алгоритмическая энтропия | | Algorithmic entropy
| Алгоритмы минимальной степени | |
Minimum degree algorithms
| Алдоус | | Aldous
| Александер | Alexander
|
Aллюр
|
| Pace
| Аллэ
| | Allais
| Алфавитный указатель
| | Alphabetical subject index
| Альманзи | | Almansi
| Альманси | | Almansi
| Альфа-потенциал | | Alpha-potential
| Альфа-эксцессивная функция | | Alpha-excessive function
| Альфвен | | Alfven
| Амальди | | Amaldi
| Амдал | | Amdahl
| Амдаль | | Amdahl
| Амичи | | Amici
| Амонтон | | Amonton
| Амортизатор | Dashpot (например, в теле типа Келвина--Фойхта)
|
Амортизатор колесной пары
|
| Wheelset damper
| Амортизационный и пружинный элементы в теле Кельвина-Фойгта | | Dashpot and spring elements in a Kelvin-Voigt type body
| Ампер | | Ampère
| Амплитуда возбуждения | | Excitation amplitude
| Амплитуда пульсаций | | Pulsation amplitude
| Амплитудно-модулированный импульсный процесс | | Amplitude-modulated pulse process
| Амплитудный коэффициент отражения | | Amplitude reflection coefficient
| Амплитудный коэффициент пропускания | | Amplitude transmittance Amplitude transmission coefficient
| Анализ близости | | Proximity analysis
| Анализ выживаемости | | Survival analysis
| Анализ допустимых траекторий | | Feasible path analysis
| Анализ канонических корреляций | | Canonical correlation analysis
| Анализ остатков | | Residual analysis
| Анализ ошибок | | Error analysis
| Анализ ошибок округления | | Roundoff error analysis Rounding error analysis
| Анализ ошибок округления при обратной подстановке | | Backward rounding-error analysis
| Анализ порядка величин
|
| An order-of-magnitude analysis
| Анализ предпочтений | | Preference analysis
| Анализ с переменным разрешением | | Multiresolution analysis
| Анализ смертности | | Mortality analysis
| Анализировать на
| | All compounds are analyzed for nitrogen
|
Аналитическая механика
|
| Analytical mechanics
| Аналитическая характеристическая функция | | Analytic characteristic function
|
Аналитически продолжить на плоскость
|
| Analytically continue on the plane
|
Аналогично
| |
Analogously, by analogy with, likewise, similarly
Similarly to (но не similarly as in) Section 1
In much the same way as in Section 1
As (Just as) in Section 1
As is the case in Section 1
| Аналого-числовой преобразователь | | Analog-to-digital convertor
| Анкерный болт | | Anchor bolt
| Аннотация статьи | | Abstract of the paper (article)
| Аннулирования схема | | Annihilation scheme
| Аннулятор ядра
|
| Annihilator of the kernel
|
Аномалия гравитационная
|
| Gravity disturbance
|
Аномальная составляющая
|
| Anomalous component
| Аносов | Anosov
|
Ансамбль, фракция
|
| Group
| Ансари | | Ansari
| Антенна радиопеленгатора | | Direction-finding loop
| Антенна с непосредственным питанием
| | Directly fed antenna
| Антиблокировочная тормозная система | | Antilock braking (brake) system
| Антикоммутативное соотношение | | Anticommutative relation
| Антиматроид | | Antimatroid
| Антиподальное покрытие | | Antipodal cover (covering)
| Антитетичная случайная переменная | | Antithetic variate
| Аньези | Agnesi
| Апофема правильного многоугольника | The perpendicular from center to a side of a regular polygon
| Апофема правильной пирамиды | The perpendicular from vertex to base of a right pyramid
| Аппель | | Appell
| Аппроксимация данных | | Data fitting
| Аппроксимация по $x$ | | Approximation in $x$
| Априорная информация
| | Information given a priory
|
Апробировать
|
| To test (но не approve)
| Апьезон | | Apiezon
| Араго | | Arago
| Арган | Argand
| Ареа-функция | Inverse hyperbolic function
| Арифметика распределений вероятностей | |
Arithmetic of probability distributions
| Арифметика с округлением | | Rounded arithmetic
| Арифметика с отбрасыванием разрядов | | Chopped arithmetic
| Арифметика с плавающей точкой | | Floating-point arithmetic
| Арифметика с удвоенной точностью | | Double-precision arithmetic
| Арифметика с фиксированной точкой | | Fixed-point arithmetic
| Арифметическая прогрессия | | Arithmetic progression
| Арифметическая функция | | Arithmetic function
| Арифметическое среднее | | Arithmetic mean Arithmetical mean
| Аркгиперболическая функция | Inverse hyperbolic function
|
Арматура
|
| Reinforcement
| Арматура бетона | Concrete reinforcement
| Армированная шина | | Reinforced tire
| Армированный бандаж автомобильного колеса | | Reinforced tread
|
Армировать
|
| Reinforce
| Армстронг | | Armstrong
| Арнольди | | Arnoldi
| Аррениус | | Arrhenius
|
Аррениусовская зависимость
|
| Arrhenius plot
| Артикли
| |
1. Примеры предложений без артикля
1.1. Отсутствие артиклей перед существительными, которые обозначают действия (в конструкциях с of может быть использован the) (The) application (use) of Definition 1 yields (gives) (2)
(The) repeated application (use) of (1) shows that ...
The last formula can be derived by direct consideration of the estimate (1)
This set is the smallest possible extension in which differentiation is always possible
Using integration by parts, we obtain $I=I_1$ If we apply induction to (1), we get $A=B$
(The) addition of (1) and (2) gives (yields) (3) This reduces the solution to division by $Ax$
(The) comparison of (1) and (2) shows that ...
Multiplying the first relation in (1) by $x$ and the second one by $y$, followed by summation, we come to the concise form of the above equations Therefore, we omit consideration of how to obtain this solution This specimen is subjected to uniaxial active tension Consider the invariant points of the compound transformation
$T^nR_k$, where $R_k$ denotes $k$-fold rotation through the angle $2\pi$
1.2. Отсутствие артиклей перед существительными, которые обозначают свойства (если эти свойства не относятся к конкретному объекту) In questions of uniqueness one usually has to consider ... By continuity, (1) also holds when $x=1$ By duality, we easily obtain the following equality In the above reasoning, we do not require translation invariance
1.3. Отсутствие артиклей перед существительными после of, которые являются атрибутами основного существительного
(понятия) A function of class $C^1$ We call $C$ a module of ellipticity
The natural definition of addition and multiplication A type of convergence
A problem of uniqueness The condition of ellipticity The hypothesis of positivity The method of proof
The point of increase (decrease) A polynomial of degree $n$ A circle of radius $n$ A matrix of order $n$
An algebraic equation of degree $n$ (of first (second, third) degree)
A differential equation of order $n$ (of first (second, third) order; но an integral equation of the first (second) kind)
A manifold of dimension $n$ A function of bounded variation The (an) equation of motion
The (a) velocity of propagation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
An element of finite order A solution of polynomial growth A ball of radius $r$ A function of norm $p$ A matrix of full rank Однако: (the) elements of the form $a=b+c$ (of the form (1))
1.4. Отсутствие артиклей в выражениях, используемых после with, without, in, as и at для уточнения свойств основного существительного
We shall be concerned with real $n$-space
This program package can be installed without much difficulty
Then $D$ becomes a locally convex space with dual space $D'$
The set of points with distance 1 from $K$
The set of all functions with compact support The compact set of all points at distance 1 from $K$
An algebra with unit $e$
An operator with domain $H^2$ A solution with vanishing Cauchy data
A cube with sides parallel to the axes of coordinates A domain with smooth boundary
An equation with constant coefficients A function with compact support
Random variables with zero expectation (zero mean)
Any random variable can be taken as coordinate variable on $X$ Here $t$ is interpreted as area and volume
We show that $G$ is a group with composition as group operation
It is assumed that the matrix $A$ is given in diagonal (triangular, upper (lower) triangular, Hessenberg) form
Then $A$ is deformed into $B$ by pushing it at constant speed along the integral curves of $X$
$G$ is now viewed as a set, without group structure The (a) function in coordinate representation
The idea of a vector in real $n$-dimensional space The point $x$ with coordinates $(1,1)$
A solution in explicit (implicit, coordinate) form
Однако: let $B$ be a Banach space with a weak sympletic form $w$
Однако: (the) two random variables with a common distribution
Однако: this representation of $A$ is well defined as the integral of $f$ over the domain $D$
Then the matrix $A$ has the simple eigenvalue $\lambda=1$ with eigenvectors $x=(1,0)$ and $y=(1,-100)$
1.5. Отсутствие артиклей в случаях использования нескольких прилагательных или при перечислениях
The order and symbol of a distribution The associativity and commutativity of this operation
The inner and outer factors (radii) of $f$ The direct sum and direct product of these elements
Однако: a deficit or an excess of electrons
1.6. Отсутствие артиклей перед существительными, используемых после to have без последующего уточнения этого
существительного
The (a) matrix $A$ has finite norm (но has a finite norm not exceeding $n$)
This function has compact support (но has a compact support contained in $R$)
This matrix has rank $n$
$F$ has cardinality $c$ This variable has absolute value 1 This matrix has determinant zero
It is assumed that the matrix $A$ has full rank
This function has zero (но has a zero of order at least $n$ at the origin of coordinates)
This distribution has density $g$ (если символ $g$ упоминался ранее; если нет, то has a density $g$)
The number associated with a point on the plane has geometric significance
1.7. Отсутствие артиклей перед существительными, которые обозначают устоявшиеся общие теории и разделы науки
This idea comes from numerical analysis (homological algebra, linear algebra)
These theorems are proved in Morse theory (game theory, potential theory, distribution theory;
но in the theory of games, in the theory of potential, in the theory of distribution)
1.8. Отсутствие артиклей перед именами собственными в притяжательном падеже
Minkowski's inequality (но the Minkowski inequality)
Cauchy (или Schwarz) and Bunyakovski's famous inequality (лучше the famous Cauchy--Bunyakovski inequality,
или the famous Schwarz--Bunyakovski inequality, или the famous Schwarz inequality)
Newton's laws (или the Newtonian laws, но не the Newton laws) Newton's first (second) law (но не the Newton first (second) law) Однако: the Earth's surface (лучше, чем the surface of (the) Earth), the Moon's gravity (лучше, чем the gravity of (the) Moon)
1.9. Отсутствие артиклей перед существительными, которые снабжены ссылками
It follows from Theorem 1 that $x=1$
Section 2 of this paper gives (contains) a concise presentation of the notation to be used below
Property 1 is called (known as) the triangle inequality
This assertion (statement, proposition) has been proved in part 1 (part (a)) of the (our) proof
Algorithm 1 (с большой буквы) defines elementary permutations and elementary triangle matrices of index 2
Equation (1) ((the) inequality (1)) can thus be written in the (артикль обязателен) form (2)
In the language of our notation, algorithm (1) (с маленькой
буквы) is a stable way of computing the inner product
The only place where the algorithm can break down is in statement 3 (in Statement 3)
We combine Exercises 1 and 2 to construct an algorithm for finding an approximate eigenvector
This case is illustrated in (но не on ) Figure 1 The asymptotic formula (1) was proved in Example 1
Corollary 1 can be used to estimate the error in the inverse of a perturbed matrix
By property 1 (by Theorem 1), this function is positive except at the zero vector
A less trivial example is given in Appendix 3 Step 1 in Example 1 and steps 2 and 3 in Example 2
The idea of a norm will be introduced in Chapter 4 Now from statements 2 and 3 of (1), we have ...
All the drivers for solving linear systems are listed in Table 1 (are illustrated in Figure 1)
If Algorithm 1 in four-digit arithmetic is applied to refine $x$, then we obtain ...
Assertion (ii) is nothing but the statement that one natural way of extending these ideas to $R^n$ is to
generalize formula (1) to obtain a Euclidean length of a vector
By property 1, this function is positive except at the zero vector
We have seen on page 3 that set of matrices is a vector space which is essentially identical with ...
Equation (1) effectively gives an algorithm for using the output of Algorithm 1 to solve ...
2. Примеры предложений с определенным артиклем
2.1. Определенные артикли перед существительными, которые были ранее упомянуты в тексте
Let $A\in R$. For every set $B$ intersecting the set $A$ we have ...
Let us represent $\exp x=\sum x^i/i!$. The (this) series can easily be proved to converge
2.2. Определенные артикли перед существительными, которые однозначно определены контекстом в момент
использования
Let us consider the equation $y=ax+b$
Let $x$ be the root of equation (1) (если (1) имеет единственный корень)
Let $T$ be the linear transformation defined by (1) (если оно единственно)
We see that $x=1$ in the compact set $X$ of all points at distance 1 from $A$
Let $B$ be the Banach space of all linear operators in $X$ Let $A=B$ under the usual boundary conditions
This notation is introduced with the natural definitions of addition and multiplication
Using the standard inner (scalar, dot) product, we may (can) conclude that $Ax=0$
2.3. Определенные артикли перед существительными, которые при помощи of характеризуют другое существительное
или однозначно при этом определяются
The continuity of $f$ follows from the continuity of $g$
The existence of bounded functions requires to be proved
This representation of $A$ is well defined as the integral of $f$ over the domain $D$
There is (exists) a fixed compact set containing the support of all the functions $f_i$
Then $x$ is the center of an open ball $B$ The intersection of a decreasing family of such sets is convex
Однако: every nonempty open set in $X$ is a union of disjoint sets (здесь нет однозначности)
2.4. Определенные артикли перед количественными числительными
Recall that only the two groups have been shown to have the same number of generators
Each of the three terms in the right-hand side of (1) satisfies equation (2) (если в (1) имеется только три
terms)
2.5. Определенные артикли перед порядковыми числительными
The first Poisson integral in (1) converges to $g$
The second statement follows immediately from the first
2.6. Определенные артикли перед именами собственными, используемыми как прилагательные
The Dirichlet problem, the Taylor expansion, the Gauss theorem
Однако: Newton's first law или Taylor's formula Однако: a Banach space или a Chebyshev polynomial
Однако: Gaussian (Gauss) elimination
2.7. Определенные артикли перед существительными во множественном числе, которые определяют класс
объектов (все объекты сразу), а не какой-либо один объект
The real measures form a subclass of the complex ones
The solutions to equation (1) are everywhere positive This class includes the Borel sets
Сравните: let us assume that this class includes a Borel set
2.8. Определенные артикли перед существительными, которые снабжены ссылками
The differential problem (1) can be reduced to the form (2)
The asymptotic formula (1) follows from the above lemma
The differential equation (1) can be solved numerically
What is needed in the final result is a simple bound on quantities of the form (1)
The inequality (1) (артикль можно опустить) shows that $a>b$
The bound (estimate) (2) is not quite as good as the bound (estimate) (1)
If the norm of $A$ satisfies the restriction (1), then by the estimate
(2) this term is less than unity
Since the spectral radius of $A$ belongs to the region (1), this iterative method converges for any initial
guesses
The array (1) is called the matrix representing the linear transformation of $f$
It should be noted that the approximate inequality (1) bounds only the absolute error in $x$
The inequality (1) shows that ...
The second step in our analysis is to substitute the forms (1) and
(2) into this equation and simplify it by dropping higher-order terms
For small $\ze$ the approximation (1) is very good indeed
A matrix of the form (1), in which some eigenvalue appears in more than one block, is called a
derogatory matrix
The relation between limits and norms is suggested by the equivalence (1)
For this reason the matrix norm (1) is seldom encountered in the literature
To establish the inequality (1) from the definition (2) Our conclusion agrees with the estimate (1)
The characterization is established in almost the same way as the results of Theorem 1, except that the
relations (1) and (2) take place in the eigenvalue-eigenvector relation ...
This vector satisfies the differential equation (1)
The Euclidean vector norm (2) satisfies the properties (1)
The bound (1) ensures only that these elements are small compared with the largest element of $A$
There is some terminology associated with the system (1) and the matrix equation (2)
A unique solution expressible in the form (1) restricts the dimensions of $A$
The factorization (1) is called the $LU$-factorization
It is very uncommon for the condition (1) to be violated
The relation (1) guarantees that the computed solution gives very small residual
This conclusion follows from the assumptions (1) and (2)
The factor (1) introduced in relation (2) is now equal to 2
The inequalities (1) are still adequate
We use this result without explicitly referring to the restriction (1)
3. Примеры предложений с неопределенным артиклем
3.1. Неопределенные артикли в тех случаях, когда они заменяют число one
The four centers lie in a plane For this, we introduce an auxiliary variable $x$
A chapter of this book is devoted to the study of differential equations
3.2. Неопределенные артикли в тех случаях, когда они выделяют какой-то объект из некоторго класса или
имеют смысл some или one of
Hence, $D$ becomes a locally convex space with dual space $D'$
The right-hand side of (1) is then a bounded function
This relation is easily seen to be an equivalence relation
Theorem 1 can be extended to a class of boundary value problems
The transitivity is a consequence of the equality $x=y$
This is a corollary of Lebesgue's theorem for the above case
After a change of variable in this integral we obtain $a=b$
We thus come to the estimate $|I|\le C\ds$ with a constant $C$
3.3. Неопределенные артикли в случае 3.2 опускаются, если соответствующие существительные используются
во множественном числе
The existence of partitions of unity may be proved by applying the above theorem
The definition of distributions allows us to write this equation with suitable constants
..., where $D$ and $D'$ are differential operators
3.4. Неопределенные артикли при определении классов объектов, т.е. в тех случаях, когда существует много
объектов с заданной характеристикой
A fundamental solution is a function satisfying the above equality We call $E$ a module of ellipticity
We try to find a solution to equation (1) which is of the form ...
3.5. Неопределенные артикли в случае 3.4 опускаются, если соответствующие существительные используются
во множественном числе
These integrals can (may) be approximated by sums of the form ...
Taking in (1) functions $f$ which vanish in $X$, we come to the conclusion that ...
The elements of $A$ are often call test functions The set of points with distance 1 from $L$
The set of all functions with compact support
3.6. Неопределенные артикли опускаются, если существительные, используемые во множественном числе,
подразумевают не все объекты из заданного класса, а каждый из них в отдельности
Direct sums exist in this category of abelian (Abelian) groups Closed sets are Borel sets
Borel measurable functions are often called Borel mappings
This makes it possible to apply these results to functions in $C_1$
Однако: the real measures form a subclass of the complex ones (здесь подразумевается все объекты
из заданных классов)
3.7. Неопределенные артикли перед прилагательными, которые выделяют какую-либо из характеристик
существительного This map can (may) be extended to all of $X$ in an obvious fashion (way, manner)
A remarkable feature of this solution should be mentioned
Theorem 1 describes in a unified manner the above approach
A simple calculation (computation) yields (gives) $x=y$
Let us consider two random variables with a common distribution
The matrix $A$ has a finite norm not exceeding 1
The function $f$ has a compact support contained in $F$ Now we can rewrite (1) with a new constant $C$
A more general theory follows from this reasoning
This equation has a unique solution for every (each) right-hand side
Однако: this equation has the unique solution $x=1$
Артин | Artin
| Архимед | Archimedes
| Архимедова подъемная сила | Buoyancy
| Асимптотическая относительная эффективность | |
Asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE)
| Асман | | Assmann
| Ассоциированная теория течения | | Associated flow theory
| Ассоциированный закон | | Associated law Associated rule
| Ассоциированный закон пластического течения | | Associated plastic flow rule
| Ассоциированный спектр | | Associated spectrum
| Астон | | Aston
| Атвуд | | Atwood
|
Aтомно-гладкий, атомно-грубый (шероховатый)
|
| Atomically smooth, atomically rough
|
Aтомно-гладкий фронт
|
| Facetted front
| Атья | Atiyah
| Ауман | | Auman
| Ауэрбах | | Auerbach
| Аффинор деформаций | | Deformation gradient
| Ациклический орграф | | Acyclic digraph
| Ачесон | | Acheson
|
Аэрогравиметрическая система
|
| Airborne gravimetry system
|
Аэродинамически независимо
|
| Independently in the aerodynamic sense
|
Аэродинамическое сопротивление
|
| Aerodynamic drag
| Аэрозольная взвесь | | Aerosol
|
Аэросъемка
|
| Airborne survey
| | | | |
|